Public Administration Vs Private Administration

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Most authors differentiate public administration and private administration by educational institutions (public schools vs. private schools). Although it’s a good example to provide a comprehensive analysis between the two sectors, I found it not the quintessence for a comparative analysis. Historically, in our country, public schools have a much higher quality education than private schools, and studying economics and public administration, it is not just the nature of bureaucracies, nor the scope of public administration that the case today was reversed. While some authors identified over a dozen factors that differentiates public to private administration, Denhardt only speaks of the three fundamental differences between the two. In this paper, I would elaborate Denhardt’s three points since, together with economist Boadway’s Difference between Public and Private Sector, I found these as the most undisputable and concrete comparisons.

The most apparent difference between the two sectors is their organizing principles or goal. (Denhardt) While private administration has a definite mission, which is the pursuit of profit or stability or growth of revenues, public administration, on the other hand, has ambiguous purposes. Furthermore, the dilemma in ambiguity of purposes is exacerbated by too many unnecessary and inoperable agencies, with purposes that overlap and bloated bureaucracies. One might say that the goal of public administration is to enact public policies, but the overlapping and the main ambiguity of most of these policies, and the vagueness of the enactment of these policies make public administration’s purpose to be more ambiguous. Nevertheless, the fact that public institutions are not profit driven, should not lead us to believe that public sector employees and managers are not concerned about financial matters. As is the case with private companies, public sector units and organizations fight for funding and influence.

Another factor that makes the public sector different from the private is decision making. (Denhradt) In public administration, the decision must be and should be pluralistic. The founding fathers intentionally created a democratic republic where all key decisions are made in politicized environment. This allows for maximum participation: open debate, multiple veto points – a decision making hierarchy where consensus must be achieved at each level, ideally, an informed decision. While private administration’s decision-making is much more simple- it’s monopolistic or close to monopolistic. This type of decision-making would avoid any conflicts in interest; hence, the goal is clearly defined.

The visibility of public administrators is another notable difference between public and private sector. While a manager in a private business may work in relative obscurity, the public manager must operate in the public eye. His or her actions are constantly subjected to public scrutiny. (Denhardt) The publicness of the work of the public manager doesn’t end in merely carrying out public policy, the public manager has to respond to the demands of the public. Denhardt speaks of the “inevitable tension” between efficiency and responsiveness, the pressure to manage effectively and to be simultaneously responsive to public concerns. This pressure often leaves public organizations in a “no-win” situation, trying to serve a public that demands effective government but balks at paying for it (taxes). The public also demands accountability in government, an assurance that those who formulate, implement and administer public programs will act responsibly.

One quality that makes public sector different from private is in the form of unit analysis. (Boadway) Apart from publicly owned-companies, most public institutions are part of a larger chain of command and control where it is harder to draw a line between the different parts of the system- and where legal frameworks provide little help in this. For instance: public agencies- like research councils or directorates of health- interact closely with ministries as well as subordinate institution and “users”. The innovation activities in these institutions are heavily influenced by decisions made above and below the chain of commands. The closest parallel to private sector will be large conglomerates or multinational companies. The complex system of organizations with various (and to some extent conflicting) tasks, is one of the reasons for the inefficiency of public administration. Although, some authors in public administration, such Woodrow Wilson in The Study of Public Administration, where he reiterated that the evolution of public administration together with its complex system and increasing number of bureaucracies is to complement the population growth, but a population with sufficient number of agencies to manage them and with high marginal productivity for each public employee, is better than a bloated bureaucracy with little or zero marginal productivity, and worse, unnecessary and redundant purpose.

Lastly, although political aspect is both apparent in public and private sector, political aspect is more important in the public than in the private sector. Policy decisions normally affect companies directly and indirectly, through laws, regulations and financial support. The public sector is at least formally controlled by elected politicians. The intimate link between this governance dimension and funding of current expenses of the activities implies a very strong link between ownership and control on the one hand and the growth strategies of the subsidiary organizations.

Bba International Business Management Skill Development

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Trade and business between different regions and countries of the world is a concept dating back to ancient times. The earliest example of international trade is the prominence of the Silk Route in the 3rd Century BCE. The route stretched several kilometers across land and water, and goods were generally traded on the spot. However, like every form of business, international business expanded beyond simple exchange of goods and gold between countries or territories.

International business is used to describe the economic and commercial exchange of resources across two or more countries. Private corporations dealing in international business are known as multinational corporations (MNC). The main purposes for international business are expansion of sales, reaching a customer base beyond one’s own territory and acquisition and exchange of resources. Multinational corporations have a much larger scope of economic growth because of their international presence. Aspiring business managers and economists are constantly seeking employment in such corporations, owing to their immense scope for growth. Similar to most major corporations, MNCs are constantly searching for competent and capable candidates for managerial positions. However, they swear to strict employment criterion, and a degree in business management from a reputed institute is a minimum requirement, with a higher preference for outstanding performers.

Several institutes across the world offer degrees in management, following a course that trains students in vital skills necessary for undertaking managerial tasks in a multinational corporation. Among the most popular management courses is Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA). As opposed to MBA or PGDM courses, which are post-graduate courses, BBA can be pursued directly after a high school education. Therefore, aspiring business managers can pursue a
BBA international businessmanagement training without having to pursue a non-management course prior to it. Institutes that offer BBA courses can safely ensure student placements in major multinational companies, as long as they have good industrial relations.

One of the prime colleges for BBA in India is International School of Business & Media: College of Commerce, situated in Pune, Maharashtra. The institute aims to train students in the field of business management by providing comprehensive education which is not restricted to academic development. The college’s teaching methodology involves developing skills with a practical significance “” skills that can be used in real life situations. The members of the institute’s faculty are equipped with a first hand experience in the corporate sector and have an expertise in business management, which ensures that the students have a competent staff guiding them through the course.

ISB&M:COC is equipped with modern and cutting edge infrastructure, such as classrooms with LCD projectors, digital and physical libraries, computer labs equipped with a high speed internet connection as well as non-academic facilities to cater to every student’s needs, such as amphitheaters, sports complex, swimming pool and medical facilities. The college follows a strict code of conduct and students are expected to abide by it. This ensures the growth of a student in a professional environment and prepares them for the corporate world in every sense. ISB&M:COC put themselves at a high pedestal through their state-of-the-art infrastructure, highly qualified faculty and good industrial relations that ensure placements in major multinational corporations and promote the growth of international business.

Network Consulting Services New Trends in Global Business Management

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The advent of globalization and the demands from the customers for better facilities and technically high end products places vast responsibility on the management shoulders top of the line managers need to work out strategic methods for effective operations more so in a widely networked organization. However, in a technologically sound era, the management of networking services involves wide area communication devices, data storage mediums, tools and procedures, for a smooth functioning of networked systems. A network management is characterized by its faults, configuration, accounting, performance and security.

In the present business environment wherein there is a lot of dependency on the electronic data transfer and storage, data security over a globally wide network becomes a major concern. To maintain such a technological lifeline, needs the expertise of the network consulting service providers. With the expert help at hand, organizations can spring back quickly from issues such as network downtime, intrusions, disruption of service and can effectively manage the network to ensure high level of productivity and profit revenue. The managed network service providers’ remains accountable for the functions and performance of the network.

The network consulting services provider being from an Information technology industry is well equipped with the knowledge of the various computer systems, server, storage devices, and networking equipments. the leaders in network consulting services, with their team of engineers with expertise in LAN/WAN design, network security, IP communications, business process development and technology implementation, offer services in the filed of Data center consulting services including migration , WAN consolidation and optimization, Network readiness and unified communication optimization services.

Further, since information security is also an issue that most of the technologically enabled organizations struggle with, choosing a network consulting service provider with expertise in the field of providing high level network security over bandwidths will prove beneficial for the global organization. These service providers with their expertise, understanding and analyzing skills offer customized solutions for routing, switching, security, wireless and Voice over IP. Such client specific solution helps both small and medium enterprises to expand their business to new markets while the large business houses can capitalize on market trends.

With expertise of having designed and developed secure networks customized as per client requirements, the service providers also manage virtual private networks in green datacenter environment. Besides providing bandwidth management, server networking, remote access configuration, net meeting, host connectivity they also offer a 24/7 support and online status check as a wholesome package, making network consulting services a new trend in the business world.

Read more on – Datacenter Virtualization, managed security services

Hotel 25 Improvements How To Succeed In Hotel Industry

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Movement is life. This principle is true for business as well. Every business must develop otherwise it will fail sooner or later. Loss of competitive advantage results in loss of customers. There is a tough competition in all markets, and customers of free to choose any products they like. If a customer is not buying from you it will most certainly buy from your competitor. This is true for all businesses, including hotel business. This industry is highly competitive as there are hundreds of hotels in every country. When high season comes hotel top managers do everything possible to attract customers and make them stay in their hotels. Of course, they do not only promise high quality services but the actually offer them. Hotel is not just a place where you spend the night. Some people want to feel at home in a hotel. This is possible in case you come to a top quality hotel.

In order to improve hotel services owners and managers of our hotel need to know where to start from. In other words they have to be aware of current performance in order to make plans for the future. Until recently performance evaluation was about measurement of financial indicators for the past periods. Such approach is not perfect since it misses nonfinancial indicators that are extremely important in any industry. It is not enough just to announce implementation of new plans and improvements in hotel. A real work begins when these improvements are implemented and measured.

For example, if a new service, say, WiFi connection in all rooms is introduced the hotel spends a certain amount of money to buy equipment and maintain network. Then, the quality of Wireless Network has to be evaluated. However, what is more important is the attitude of customers towards this new service and the way they use it. If it turns out that only 10% of hotel guests actually use wireless network and only half of them really require high speed Internet there is probably no point in spending huge money for super speedy Internet. If most of hotel guests are business people for whom high speed Internet is necessity than well established wireless connection is a must.

If improvements concern reception service top management of a hotel needs to understand who their guests are and why they come to their hotel. If most of them are tourists than it would be reasonable to introduce new services like offering information on sightseeing tours, contact details of various Entertainment Services, taxi phone numbers etc. As time passes by, efficiency of these improvements needs to be tested in order to introduce amendments if necessary.

Such evaluation of improvements can be performed with the help of Balanced Scorecard which is a very efficient performance evaluation and strategic management system. Balanced Scorecard will coordinate efforts of all services and business units of a hotel and align strategies of different departments, for example restaurants and hairdressers service. This is a flexible system which means changes can be easily introduced.

Jira Itil Solutions For Ensuring It Service Management In A Timely Manner

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These days, IT services are more closely associated with the business management. And every small to large scale IT solution provider is relying on Jira ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) to establish a structured approach to IT service management. This IT service delivery framework empathizes on the complimentary features of running an IT related business and includes a set of specialized organizational activities for ensuring customers great value in the delivered services. In fact, Jira ITIL is considered an integral part of business management process that can be applied in every area of an organization starting from problem management and release management to configuration management etc.
The ITIL standard is originally developed by the office of Government Commerce, which comes under the Treasure Department of UK. However the proposed guidelines do not contribute to the widespread use of ITIL in IT business management but rather the flexible features of the Jira ITIL support framework.
Some of the Europe web design solutions providers are seen embracing the ITIL guidelines to help IT business holders develop a structured approach to business management. In reality, ITIL solutions from Europe web design companies are enabling small and large IT organizations to manage with complexity in IT business by breaking down it into a set of discrete services. Each of these services come for a price and need to be integrated with the business management process for maximum result.
In fact, Europe Jira ITIL solution providers closely align and integrate ICT strategies with the business so that clients can realize the advantages of IT Service Management in a practical, effective and timely manner. A growing number of IT business holders are looking for Europe web design companies with experience in ITIL best practices. And they are allowing customers to add or replace particular set of services as and when required.
This changing trend definitely indicates a boost in the business of Europe web design companies as their handy solutions are enabling IT organizations to handle their business management in a simple and easy manner. Even the organizations get an opportunity to configure Confluence, JIRA and Crowd and increase the value of their IT services for reduced price. Moreover, the IT services can be evaluated regularly to ensure more gain for the organization in the form of efficiency and productivity.
Jira ITIL has really brought an evolution in the IT service world because every small to large scale IT organization is eager to convert their resources into high quality service. Thats why entire IT service of the organization is being divided into a series of distinct services with fixed level of cost and objective. Whats more interesting is that this structured approach to IT services is resulting in enhanced business value of IT along with high standards of service accessibility.
Since ITIL solutions decide the way IT services of an organization should be structured to increase the profit range, the organizations should start banking upon them almost immediately. It will help them to be successful in the long run.